DEVOPS

DevOps with AWS for Beginners: Core Concepts and Tools

In the current era of digital transformation, businesses must deliver software faster, more efficiently, and with fewer errors. That's where DevOps comes into play. By combining development (Dev) and operations (Ops), DevOps creates a culture of collaboration that bridges the gap between traditionally siloed teams, allowing for continuous delivery and integration of software. Now, couple this with the power of Amazon Web Services (AWS)—the leading cloud platform—and you get a game-changing combination. Whether you are a developer, system administrator, or a curious learner looking to dive into cloud computing, mastering DevOps with AWS is an essential skill in today's tech landscape. In this guide, we’ll break down the core concepts of DevOps and introduce you to the essential AWS tools to get you started. By the end of this blog, you’ll have a solid understanding of how AWS supports DevOps principles and be ready to take the next step in your journey—our DevOps with AWS training program.

Learning DevOps with AWS is a strategic move for anyone looking to advance their career in software development, cloud computing, or system administration. Here’s why: High Demand: DevOps professionals with AWS skills are in high demand across industries, as companies continue to adopt cloud-based solutions. Increased Efficiency: Mastering AWS DevOps tools will allow you to deliver software faster, with fewer errors and greater collaboration between teams. Career Growth: AWS-certified DevOps engineers are among the most sought-after IT professionals, with top salaries in the industry.

Ready to take your DevOps skills to the next level? Our DevOps with AWS Training Program is designed for beginners and professionals alike, offering hands-on experience with AWS services and DevOps practices. In this course, you will: <ul><li>Learn how to build and manage CI/CD pipelines using AWS tools like CodePipeline, CodeBuild, and CodeDeploy.</li><li>Gain proficiency in automating infrastructure management using AWS CloudFormation and Elastic Beanstalk.</li><li>Explore real-world scenarios and case studies that demonstrate how AWS is used to implement DevOps in large-scale organizations.</li><li>Earn a certification that validates your skills in DevOps and AWS, opening doors to new career opportunities.</li></ul> Sign up today and take the first step towards <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/devops-professional-certification-course" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">mastering DevOps with AWS</a>! Register Now for <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/webinar/devops-with-aws-demo-session" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Free Demo Session on DevOps with AWS</a>

Learn how to build and manage CI/CD pipelines using AWS tools like CodePipeline, CodeBuild, and CodeDeploy

DevOps with AWS for Beginners: Core Concepts and Essential Tools

Introduction to DevOps: What is DevOps, Tools & Principles

The tech environment has changed a lot in recent years. It is now part of the DevOps culture. GitLab reports that about 83% of developers use DevOps practices. This shows the importance of DevOps in today's software development. But What is DevOps, and why is it so crucial in contemporary software engineering? This "Introduction to DevOps" will give a complete methodology overview. It will cover its tools, lifecycle, principles, and benefits for all users, from beginners to pros. <h3> </h3><h3>What is DevOps?</h3> DevOps is a culture and process. It aims to improve collaboration between an organization's development and operations teams. It helps an organization boost cooperation and efficiency. This speeds up the development of quality programs. DevOps is a culture and approach that involves CI/CD. It differs from traditional software development methods. This lets teams provide several minor updates at once. It is better than a large package released at longer intervals. It also helps with failures and customer satisfaction. <h3>Getting Started with DevOps for Beginners </h3> This is especially true for new DevOps learners. The discipline's principles and practices can be daunting to grasp. However, the DevOps journey starts with its fundamentals. Then, it needs collaboration, automation, and improvement. The first level of understanding should focus on core aspects of DevOps. These include using Git to version or integrate code changes with Jenkins. Other targeted learning approach can include online classes, tutorials, and certification courses.

The key DevOps principles include: Collaboration: Active encouragement with client and personnel interaction and collaboration during the various software development life cycle phases. Automation: Avoid manual workforce as much as possible to decrease the possibility of mistakes and increase productivity. Continuous Improvement: Find time to review and standardize processes to attain efficiency and excel in the company. Customer-Centric Action: Customers demand value to be delivered to them fast, and as a result, there should be a fast response to feedback and changing requirements. End-to-End Responsibility: Everyone involved in the project, development, and operational teams is heavily involved in how the software performs during and after deployment.

DevOps is mainly oriented to the promotion of cooperation and sharing. Here are its key benefits, such as: Faster Time-to-Market: As DevOps reduces the time spent on manually repeating activities and makes continuous delivery possible, it speeds up the release of new features and updates. Improved Quality: They assist in detecting and rectifying some bugs that may be present in the software, thus resulting in improved stabilities. Enhanced Collaboration: It promotes collaboration between the development and operations departments, eliminating barriers. <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/devops-professional-certification-course" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">👉Certified DevOps Professional Training</a><a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-devops-foundation" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">👉Certified DevOps Foundation Training</a>

The DevOps lifecycle is a set of several phases that can affect the improvement of the software creation process. The main stages include: Planning: Identify and briefly describe the characteristics of the project to be managed. Coding: Code out the application. Building: Cost the source code compiles into executable artifacts. Testing: To determine the flaws in the software, integrate automatic tests to verify and locate bugs at an early stage. Releasing: Install it in the staging environment for further testing and make the necessary indications. Deploying: Deploy the software to production. Out of all the activities mentioned, moving the application to the production environment is the last on the list. Operating: Check the software's performance and make all necessary adjustments, especially when degrading performance. Monitoring: Gather information about the software's effectiveness and reception by the consumers to enhance the following versions. This lifecycle also helps software development, testing, and deployment. It is a cyclic process, so it minimizes market time while enhancing quality.

DevOps in software engineering is a shift in the software development lifecycle. It is not just a set of tools. It assumes a DevOps culture. So, both dev and ops teams are involved at any stage of development. This collaboration allows for immediate action on any problem. It will improve software quality and increase user satisfaction. <h3>Conclusion </h3> This DevOps overview helps you understand DevOps. It covers its tools, life cycle, principles, and benefits. The DevOps approach can transform software development for you. It can help whether you are a new programmer or a seasoned engineer. The tech sector is still changing. So, watching for new DevOps trends and best practices is vital. <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/popular-devops-interview-questions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">👉Popular DevOps Interview Questions</a><a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/top-jenkins-interview-questions-and-answers" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">👉Top 20 Jenkins Interview Questions and Answers</a> ﻿

Explore the DevOps approach and its impact on modern practices, including what DevOps is, essential tools, the DevOps lifecycle, and key principles. 

Introduction to DevOps: What is DevOps, Tools, and Principles

ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION

RPA - an Integral Part of Digital Transformation

ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION is an integral part of Digital Transformation. It is the top trending technical Buzz word in today’s world. What is the meaning of Digital Transformation and technical changes it is bringing? Digital transformation is the thoughtful conversion of business and organizational task, processes &amp; methodologies/models to fully utilize the changes and opportunities in a mix of digital technologies and their accelerating force across society in a planned and linked way. Also, we can also term it as conversion of information from analogy to digital form. This digital transformation process has enabled much of the technology trends today, some of the changes are- 1- Internet of Things2- Big data3- Intra machine communication4- Utilization of Cloud based infrastructure5- Digital currencies etc.

<h3 class="ql-align-justify">How is Robotics Process Automation an integral part of Digital transformation?</h3> The two terms ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION and Digital transformation are closely linked, we can better understand it as ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION as one of the most important pillars in transforming an organization digitally.

<h3 class="ql-align-justify">What changes does this digital transformation bring, and how is Robotics Process Automation benefitting it?</h3> Areas where ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION help organizations: 1- In reducing workforce2- In improving quality3- In increasing productivity4- Lesser time to market If we consider the above areas, we can see these are the key objective of a digitally transformed unit. ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION has become a deciding factor within organizations, to get ahead in the race. It is being used in various industry's backend processes like- 1- Banking2- Healthcare3- Travel etc. Sample Use cases of Insurance domain: 1. Insurance Policy Cancellation Using ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION in the insurance companies has made it better the cancellation processes considerably. Cancellation can be done in just one-fourth of the time for the same transactions with ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION in place. Some of the common cases of cancellation- a) Defaulter of premium, which makes policy to get auto cancelb) Customer chooses to opt-out of existing policy 2. Insurance Form Registration The form registration process can be enriched well with ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION implementation and it needs only 30-40% of the time and effort of about half the number of staffs.There are various backend forms which are required to be filled when a new policy is being purchases, such form filling or registration can be done using ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION bots. There is minimal to no human intelligence is required for such cases Sample use cases of Travel domain – 1. Cancellation of Ticket In travel industry there are various backend office processes are there, there is a complete set-up of back end executive that take care of operations. Cancellation / Refund and reconciliation are major process which happen in a day-to-day basis, if ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION is being implemented at such stage. 2. Travel Claims Processing There is a claim processing, which various airlines have introduced for their goods which travelers keep in their bag and baggage, all the checked in bags are falls under such insurance. Although it’s not common, but quite a few airlines use to offer such insurance. Claims raised for such insurance are mostly third party and in order to process it various activities of form filling is required, therefore ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION bots can play a major role in reducing manual processing To conclude, optimization is a necessary element we require once after final design of any IT/ITES task, ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION plays a vital role in optimizing it in terms of time, quality and efficiency. On the basis of various surveys and reports, ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION will grow up to 2-3 $ B USD value in next 4–5 years or may be more in value, and will help in the digital transformation of organizations and will help to save the much bigger value($). Digital transformation requires ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION to achieve above optimization so that Organizations can add value to their respective businesses.<h4 class="ql-align-justify"> </h4>DevLabs Alliance is powering ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION by providing on ROBOTICS PROCESS AUTOMATION concepts and hands on exercises using&nbsp;UI Path&nbsp;tool. UI Path is the preferred training tool of DevLabs Alliance. 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/robotic-process-automation-with-cognitive-automation" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Robotics Process Automation with Cognitive Automation</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/robotic-process-automation-developer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Robotic Process Automation - UiPath Certification Course</a>

Digital transformation with Robotic Process Automation is the thoughtful conversion of business and organizational task, processes & methodologies.

SDET

How are the data structures and algorithms useful for SDET?

People often new to the software industry or those looking for career fields think that SDET is the same as a Tester, but that is incorrect. SDET is&nbsp;Software&nbsp;Development&nbsp;Engineer in&nbsp;Test a role which originated from <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/category/microsoft" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Microsoft</a> and is now in demand in almost all organizations. A SDET is not limited to being involved in the development of the code; its responsibilities are vast and reach beyond. A Tester is given the job of testing the success of each code, often manually unlike <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-sdet-professional" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">SDET</a> who is involved in&nbsp;designing,&nbsp;development, testing and automation tasks&nbsp;of the whole operation not just individual codes – a highly skilled professional. Data structures and Algorithms are the foundations of any software development. They are the founding elements (along with others) of the whole operation. A SDET is more directly involved with these two because his responsibility is directly associated with it. We must know what data structures and algorithms are because at first they seem like those endless numbers going on in never-ending black screens often in movies with hackers in them. Well, yes that’s partly correct, they do come across this because it is the base of the whole thing. In <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/category/software-development" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">software development</a> and computer science in general, a&nbsp;data structure&nbsp;is a&nbsp;data organization, management, and storage format&nbsp;that enables efficient access and modification. To simplify things, imagine a file cabinet with the right structure that it perfectly organizes the files according to the category, time, date etc. whatever is the requirement according to the type of data it holds. This file cabinet is efficient so that any time you have to access it, everything is smooth, and the whole structure stays intact. See this example data structure and notice how it looks like an actual file cabinet? Now algorithms are a step higher.&nbsp;An algorithm&nbsp;is a&nbsp;step-by-step procedure, which defines a set of instructions&nbsp;to be executed in a certain order to get the desired output.&nbsp;Again to simplify things, algorithm is like a recipe, it tells the program what ingredients (inputs) to put in and the instructions (procedure) to follow to get the result (output). See the example below 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/blog/how-to-become-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">How to become SDET?</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/blog/how-can-i-switch-from-qa-to-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">How can I switch from QA to SDET?</a> So, data structures and algorithms are crucial in software development, every feature stems from these. But how do these two work together? That’s simple, the ingredients (inputs) of the procedures specified in the algorithms are accessed from the data structures. A data structure is designed so that it gives access to the functions and operations in the algorithms. SDET is actively involved in the <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/blog/what-are-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">responsibilities</a> of software development, and hence knowing what and how the data structures and algorithms are being used is crucial.&nbsp;SDET is expected to carry out code reviews, suggest/make bug fixes in Developer’s code. This requires solid understanding of data structures and algorithms.&nbsp;This role is not limited to writing code but is required to test the code as well.&nbsp;SDETs&nbsp;are required to continuously write, test, and fix the written code. But that does not mean simple manual testing, instead setting up an advanced system. SDET in a large setup must build systems with their time, energy and skills which are advanced to chalk out bugs in an intricate system. Let’s know about some more things about data structures and algorithms

Primitive<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Integer</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Character</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Float</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Boolean</li></ul> Non-primitive<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Arrays.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Stacks.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Queues.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Linked Lists.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Trees.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Graphs.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Tries (similar to trees, but it’s still good to call them out separately).</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Hash Tables.</li></ul> Some basic algorithms are<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Breadth First Search and Depth First Search (not on CS50),</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Binary Search</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Insertion Sort</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Merge Sort</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Quick sort</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Delete etc</li></ul> This is just the basic information about data structures and algorithms, more advanced levels are used to create softwares and programs which have become a part of our everyday routine. SDET is well-informed and skilled in such concepts and uses them effortlessly for its organization. The current and the future market has high for the skills and roles of SDET, Microsoft and Google already make it a priority and other companies are following closely. 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/top-20-basic-java-interview-questions-for-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Top 20 Basic Java Interview Questions for SDET</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/top-10-java-programming-interview-questions-for-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Top 10 Java Programming Interview Questions for SDET</a>

SDET in not limited to the software industries as almost each industry is getting involved in the recent digital transformation, SDET is a must! Your personal abilities also come in handy being a SDET, non-technical skills such as time management, organization, communication and most importantly passion! So if you are stepping into software development, or you currently have a career with testing, and you are looking for a happy change, I would suggest you to check this&nbsp;<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-sdet-professional/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">course.</a> 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-sdet-foundation" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Certified SDET Foundation Training</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-sdet-professional" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Certified SDET Professional Training</a>

Data structures and Algorithms are the foundations of any software development. SDET is not limited to being involved in the development of the code, its responsibilities are vast and reach beyond.

How are the data structures and algorithms useful for SDET? 

SELENIUM

What is Selenium Testing?

Selenium is a free (open source) automated testing framework used to validate web applications on a variety of browsers and platforms. You can create <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/selenium-professional-certification-course" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Selenium</a> test scripts using multiple programming languages ​​such as <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-sdet-professional" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Java</a>, C #, and <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-sdet-professional-in-python" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Python</a>. Tests performed using the Selenium test tool are commonly referred to as Selenium tests. Selenium Software is not a single tool, but a set of software, each part of which addresses the needs of your organization’s individual Selenium QA testing.

2004: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium was created by Jason Huggins (engineer at Thought Works).</li><li class="ql-align-justify">He developed a JavaScript library (“JavaScript Task Runner”) that could drive interactions with the page, allowing him to automatically rerun tests against multiple browsers. That library eventually became Selenium Core.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Challenges due to Same Origin Policy and introduction of Selenium RC by Paul Hammant( another Thought Works engineer).</li></ul> <img 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">

2006: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Simon Stewart (engineer at Google) developed WebDriver that spoke directly to the browser using the native method for the browser and opening system.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium Web Driver used the concept of native drivers to interact with the Application under test and hence eliminated the need for a proxy server that was used previously in Selenium RC.</li></ul> 2011: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium 1 (i.e. Selenium IDE + Selenium RC + Selenium Grid) merged with <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/blog/what-is-selenium-webdriver" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Selenium WebDriver</a> to make Selenium more powerful</li></ul> <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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">

<ul><li class="ql-align-center">Basically, Selenium and WebDriver merged to form Selenium WebDriver (Selenium 2).</li></ul> <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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">

2016: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium 3 was released in October, 2016.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium RC which was internally implementing Selenium Core’s JavaScript program libraries is now replaced with the backed Web Driver <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-rest-api-practitioner" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">API</a> implementation. i.e. What ever the tasks that can be performed only by Selenium RC’s JavaScript implementation, can now be performed using the backed WebDriver API implementation which is more flexible.</li></ul> <img 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">

2018: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium team released alpha version Selenium 4 which really got major changes and new features that were announced by Simon Stewart in August 2018 during a conference.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">However, till date only an alpha version is available, and its stable version is yet to be rolled out.</li></ul> 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/blog/what-is-selenium-webdriver" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">What is Selenium WebDriver?</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/blog/how-do-i-automate-in-selenium" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">How do I automate in Selenium?</a>

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">W3C Standardization of WebDriver API</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Improved Selenium Grid</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Introduction of Relative Locators</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Full page Screenshot</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Better Observability and Traceability</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Refreshed and rich documentation</li></ul> 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/advanced-selenium-interview-questions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Advanced Selenium Interview Questions</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/top-50-selenium-interview-questions-for-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Top 50 Selenium Interview Questions for SDET</a>

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium is a set of different tools, each with a different approach to support test automation.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify ql-indent-1">Selenium IDE</li><li class="ql-align-justify ql-indent-1">Selenium RC (Selenium 1)</li><li class="ql-align-justify ql-indent-1">Selenium WebDriver</li><li class="ql-align-justify ql-indent-1">Selenium Grid</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium IDE is an extension for Firefox that allows you to record and playback tests.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium RC provides an API(Application Programming Interface) and library for each of its supported languages such as Java, C#, PHP, Python, etc.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium Web Driver is a collection of language specific bindings to drive a browser. It is designed for a simpler and more concise programming interface, along with addressing some limitations in the Selenium-RC API.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server that makes it easy to run tests in parallel on multiple machines. It allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms. It supports distributed test execution. You can also run the test cases in parallel in multiple machines.</li></ul> 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/selenium-professional-certification-course" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Selenium Professional Training</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/selenium-with-python" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Selenium with Python Certification Training</a>

Selenium is a free (open source) automated testing framework used to validate web applications on a variety of browsers and platforms.

What is Selenium Testing? - DevLabs Alliance

How To Use DataProvider in TestNG – Parameterization

Automation Testing has evolved as a fixture in the <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/category/software-development" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">software development</a> process. No one wants to dedicate hours of human effort and time when they can obtain accurate results with suitable test scripts, tools, and frameworks. This is why it is essential to learn the different characteristics of automated testing. <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-testng-practitioner" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">TestNG</a> comes up with Data Provider to automate providing test-cases for implementation. Data Provider aids with data-driven test cases that hold the same processes but can be run multiple times with distinct data sets. It also helps in equipping complicated parameters to the test methods.

A data-driven framework caches the test data in a table or spreadsheet format. It permits automation engineers to use a single test script for accomplishing all test data present in the table. In the data-driven framework, input values are read from data files and held into a test script variable. Data-Driven testing allows the creation of both positive and negative test cases into a single test. In this test automation network, input data can be stored in a single or multiple data source like XML, CSV, XLS, and databases.

Parameterization is an implementation strategy that runs a test case automatically, multiple times, with various input values. The test design comes with reading data from a file or database instead of the hard-coded values. In TestNG, there are two methods to accomplish parameterization : <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">With the aid of Parameters annotation and TestNG XML file</li><li class="ql-align-justify">@Parameters({“name,” “search key”})</li><li class="ql-align-justify">With the aid of DataProvider annotation</li><li class="ql-align-justify">@DataProvider(name= “searchProvider”)</li></ul>

First, to provide the test data, declare a method that returns the data set in the form of a two-dimensional object array Object. The first array defines a data set, whereas the second array includes the parameter values. The DataProvider method can be in the identical test class or superclasses. It is also feasible to equip a DataProvider in another type, but the method search key is fixed. After adding this method, interpret it using @DataProvider to let TestNG know it is a DataProvider method. Additionally, feed a name using the name attribute of the DataProvider annotation. If one hasn’t provided the title, the name of the process will be used for reference by default. 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/blog/what-is-testng-annotations-benefits-hierarchy" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">What Is TestNG Annotations-Benefits, Hierarchy</a>

<pre class="ql-syntax" spellcheck="false">import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class DataProviderTest {
// this will take data from dataprovider which we created
@Test(dataProvider=”testdata”)
public void TestChrome(String uname,String password){
	System.setProperty(“webdriver.chrome.driver”, “Path of the driver”);
	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
	// Maximize browser
	driver.manage().window().maximize();
	// Load application
	driver.get(“https://twitter.com/login”);
	// clear email field
	driver.findElement(By.name(“session[username_or_email]”)).clear();
	// Enter username
	driver.findElement(By.name(“session[username_or_email]”)).sendKeys(uname);
	// Clear password field
	driver.findElement(By.name(“session[password]”)).clear();
	// Enter password
	driver.findElement(By.name(“session[password]”)).sendKeys(password);
}
@DataProvider(name=”testdata”)
public Object[][] TestDataFeed(){

	// Create object array with two rows and two columns- the first parameter is row and second is //column
	Object [][] twitter data=new Object[2][2];

	// Enter data to row 0 column 0
	twitterdata[0][0]=”username1@gmail.com”;
	// Enter data to row 0 column 1
	twitter data[0][1]=”1password”;
	// Enter data to row 1 column 0
	twitterdata[1][0]=”username2@gmail.com”;
	// Enter data to row 1 column 0
	twitter data[1][1]=”Password2″;
	// return arrayobject to test script
	return twitter data;
}
}
</pre>

The driver will launch Chrome on executing this program, navigate to the Twitter home page, and enter the defined username and password combinations. DataProvider can also enter data combinations across multiple websites simultaneously. 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/certified-testng-practitioner" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Certified TestNG Practitioner Training</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/top-20-testng-interview-questions-for-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Top 20 TestNG Interview Questions for SDET</a>

Running Selenium tests employing DataProvider and TestNG is ideal for speeding up test cycles, demonstrating more comprehensive automated testing of websites, and making outstanding user experiences with minimal time, effort, and resources. Therefore, it should feature in testing pipelines, making testers’ lives infinitely more accessible. But, of course, these tests are always best to run on real browsers and devices.

TestNG comes up with DataProvider to automate providing test-cases for implementation.

How To Use DataProvider in TestNG - Parameterization - DevLabs Alliance

JAVA

What Is Serialization In Java?

<h4 class="ql-align-justify">Java.io. Serializable Interface</h4> Serializable is an interface that allows data to be serialized (has no data member and method). It’s used to “mark” Java classes so that their objects can have specific capabilities. The class whose object has to be persisted must implement the Serializable interface. The java.io package is implemented by the String class and all wrapper classes. By default, the interface is serializable. <h4 class="ql-align-justify"> </h4><h4 class="ql-align-justify">Java’s ObjectOutputStream class</h4> For writing objects into streams, this class is required. Only classes that implement the Serializable interface can be used as arguments in this class’s methods. The object is transformed into a byte stream using the methods in this class. <h4 class="ql-align-justify"> </h4><h4 class="ql-align-justify">Constructor in Java</h4> Let’s have a look at the constructor function of this class- <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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">

Serialization has a lot of benefits. Some of its primary usefulness is as follows: <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">This is a Java functionality that comes standard. As a result, you won’t have to rely on third-party services to implement Serialization.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Serialization is used in almost all the technology we use daily.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">This concept is simple to grasp and customize.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">It is adaptable to the requirements of the programmer.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">This process is universal, and all developers are familiar with the concept.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Java can now do encryption, authentication, compression and secure Java computing.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">It’s used to marshal soldiers (traveling the state of an object on the network) and to save or endure the state of an object that the JVM doesn’t bind.</li></ul> Some important considerations to make during the Serialization of an object in Java There are a few prerequisites for serializing an object. These are the conditions and considerations to assume when utilizing Java serialization. <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">There are no data members or methods in the serialization interface.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Only the serializable interface can be used to serialize an object.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">If the parent class executes the Serializable interface, the child class is not needed.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Only non-static data members are saved during the serialization process; static or temporary data members are not saved.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">A class’s fields must all be serializable; otherwise, the temporary keyword should be used</li><li class="ql-align-justify">String and all wrapper classes are disabled by default.</li></ul> 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/interview/top-10-java-programming-interview-questions-for-sdet" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Top 10 Java Programming Interview Questions for SDET</a>👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/tutorial/java-and-eclipse-setup-guide" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Java and Eclipse Installation Setup Guide &amp; Tutorial</a> <h3 class="ql-align-justify">Conclusion</h3> Hence serialization in Java means transforming a Java object into a stream of bytes. When the end-user receives this stream of bytes, it is transformed into an object, which can be easily transported from one JVM to another. It’s worth noting that the byte stream is platform-agnostic. You can change a stream of bytes into an object and run it in any context once you have it.

Serialization in Java is an interface that allows data to be serialized by writing objects into streams.

What Is Serialization In Java? - DevLabs Alliance

What Are The Skills Required for SDET?

Here comes the balancing skills of an SDET professional. SDET possesses a broad canvas of technical and non-technical testing skills in software automation.

What Are The Skills Required for SDET? - DevLabs Alliance

CYBER SECURITY

What is Cyber Security?

The practice of protecting networks, computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, and data from hostile attacks is known as cybersecurity. It is often referred to as electronic information security or information technology security. The phrase can be broken down into a few basic categories and is used in a wide range of applications, including business and mobile computing. Cybersecurity is the process of preventing hostile assaults on internet-connected systems such computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data. <a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/fundamentals-of-cyber-security-training-course" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Cybersecurity</a> can be divided into two categories: security and cyber. Technology that incorporates systems, networks, programs, and data is referred to as "cyber." The safeguarding of systems, networks, applications, and information is also a concern of security. It may also go by the name's information technology security or electronic information security.

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Network Security: It is the process of protecting a computer network from intruders, including malicious software and targeted attacks. It involves putting in place the technology and software necessary to protect a computer network from misuse, unauthorized access, intrusion, attacks, and interruption. An organization can better safeguard its assets by using this security against both internal and external dangers.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Information Security: Data integrity and privacy are safeguarded while being stored and transported. To protect data integrity and privacy during both storage and transmission, a reliable data storage system must be put in place.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Application Security: It focuses on keeping tools and software safe from dangers. The data that an application is meant to safeguard may be accessible if it is compromised. Effective security starts at the design phase, long before a program or gadget is put into use. Update the apps frequently to keep them safe from threats to provide this security.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Operational Security: It consists of the procedures and choices made for managing and safeguarding data assets. This includes the policies that regulate how and where data may be stored or exchanged, as well as the permissions people have when accessing a network.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Mobile Security: It includes protecting against various dangerous threats to the organizational and personal data held on mobile devices like cell phones, PCs, tablets, and other comparable gadgets. These dangers include malware, unauthorized access, device loss or theft, etc.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Cloud Security: It includes protecting the data kept by the organization in a digital environment or cloud architecture. To maintain security against a variety of threats, it makes use of many cloud service providers like AWS, Azure, Google, etc.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Disaster recovery and business continuity: It describes the actions taken by a company in the event of a cybersecurity incident or any other occurrence that results in the loss of operations or data. Disaster recovery procedures specify how the organization restores its activities and information to resume normal business operations. The organization's backup plan, when certain resources are unavailable, is business continuity.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">Identity Management: It deals with the method for figuring out what level of access each person has inside an organization.</li></ul> <ul><li class="ql-align-justify">User Education: It deals with humans as the most unpredictable factor in cybersecurity. Anyone who disregards sound security procedures has the potential to unintentionally introduce a virus into a system that is otherwise secure. For the security of any organization, it is crucial to teach users to delete suspicious email attachments and to avoid plugging in unknown USB drives, and other key teachings.</li></ul>

Today, networks, computers, and other electronic devices as well as software applications are essential to every aspect of our lives. Devices connected to the Internet are a vital component of all key infrastructure, including the banking system, healthcare system, financial institutions, governments, and manufacturing sectors. Some of their data, including intellectual property, financial information, and personal information, may be delicate and vulnerable to unauthorized access or exposure, which could have unfavorable effects. The ability to penetrate them for financial gain, extortion, political or social objectives, or even vandalism, is made possible by this information for intruders and threat actors. The global economy could be put in jeopardy by further security breaches and the growing worldwide concern over cyberattacks that compromise systems. To safeguard sensitive data against public security breaches, it is crucial to establish a strong cybersecurity plan. Furthermore, in order to protect their sensitive customer and employee data from cyberattacks, businesses, and organizations—particularly those that deal with data pertaining to personal or public health, national security, or financial records—need to implement robust cybersecurity procedures.

The target data breach is an example of how crucial cybersecurity is for businesses and organizations. In this instance, hackers were successful in getting access to consumer data from the target, including credit and debit card details. Target was forced to pay millions of dollars in damages as a result, and its reputation with customers suffered. The Target data breach is only one illustration of the significance of cybersecurity for businesses and organizations. The Wanna Cry ransomware outbreak, which hit businesses and organizations around the world, is another illustration of a data breach. Many organizations lost data and money as a result of this attack, and some were even forced to shut down. The 2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach serves as a practical illustration of the significance of cybersecurity for the banking industry. The names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses of 76 million households and 7 million small businesses were exposed to hackers in this attack. The hackers also had access to 83 million JPMorgan Chase clients' account details, including account numbers and balances. Due to the fact that hackers were able to access a significant amount of private client information, this breach serves as a reminder of the value of cybersecurity for the banking industry. This information may have been misused for identity theft, fraud, or other nefarious activities if it had gotten into the wrong hands. 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/courses/fundamentals-of-cyber-security-training-course" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Fundamentals of Cyber Security Training</a>

Below are a few valuable tips&nbsp;for people seeking to enter the cybersecurity industry or make a career change. 1. Invest in Education related to Cybersecurity: The first step in launching a profession is to learn as much as you can about that industry. As a result, you should spend time and money mastering the principles of an IT network. Even though certain employers might not need it, formal schooling is still important. Depending on your option, you can pick a full- or part-time bachelor's degree. For example, a degree in computer science or a related profession is an excellent alternative. The duration of this degree might range from three to six years. You can pursue a master's degree in cybersecurity operations if you already hold a bachelor's degree. This choice is advantageous, given that some firms favor workers with advanced degrees. Typically, it's a preference that puts them in a position to earn more money. 2. Staying Up-to-date with Industry Knowledge: The tech sector is always changing. To automate and simplify activities, new tools and software are developed, rendering older ones obsolete. Maintaining these trends shows that you are aware of the direction the market is headed. It also enables you to seize fresh chances. Compare industry data over a predetermined time period once you have decided on a niche in which to specialize. You can utilize the findings of this comparison to pinpoint consistent outcomes and develop your business plans. Understanding these patterns will help you gain knowledge and spot opportunities for advancement. Maintaining current with trends also shows that you have something valuable to contribute. Employers view valuable employees as assets and will not think twice about putting them in charge of important initiatives. To take advantage of this benefit, you should stay current with industry publications, events, and certifications. 3. Obtain Reputable Certifications in Cybersecurity: Digitization is a moving target. As a result, you need to commit to continuous learning and get qualifications that could help you stand out in the field. Additionally, you might find it simpler to transition into managerial positions with advanced certifications. In addition, you ought to aim for expertise in a particular sub-niche in addition to a conventional degree. The best way to reap the benefits of this relevancy is to invest in reliable cybersecurity certifications. As a result, these credentials will serve as proof of your knowledge and set you apart from other workers. 4. Connect With Cybersecurity Professionals: You should keep in touch with your college friends, professors, and coworkers in the cybersecurity field. Internship and volunteer options also provide valuable connections. These networks are not only important, but they may also help you improve your resume by acting as references. One-of-a-kind strategies for growing your network include going to cybersecurity events like webinars or interacting with colleagues' work-related content on social media. Networking interactions can also be sparked by posing pertinent queries and offering expert advice. 5. Develop the Hard and Soft Skills Necessary for Cybersecurity: For many employers, soft and hard talents are just as important as academic credentials. Depending on your employer or expertise, different talents are required. Despite the fact that some soft skills may come naturally to you, you must acquire others through formal education and training. Practice over time is the most effective strategy to acquire these crucial abilities for a career in cybersecurity. As a novice, you could only have the luxury of getting your first job if you already have some experience in the field. Thus, group assignments in school, hands-on training in boot camp, and volunteer and internship positions are the best times to begin cultivating these skills. You can also make use of your connections and mentorship opportunities to assess your performance and receive helpful criticism on your weak points. Building and demonstrating these abilities require participation in courses and certifications that are recognized by the cybersecurity sector.

Below are a few tips with which you can prevent your application/products from Cyberattacks: 1. Create a data backup:Always make sure you have a backup of your work and sensitive documents. In the event of an attack, you shouldn't suffer data loss. Data loss has an impact on a company's reputation in addition to its financial health. 2. Wi-Fi Security: Installing a dedicated Wi-Fi at the office will keep your data secure. Wi-Fi is less safe than LAN and needs to be properly secured. 3. Monitor who accesses your system:Giving any random individual access to your personal gadgets could land you in awkward situations. Decide who will check your gadget while you are away. Put system locks in place and only provide the appropriate individual access privileges. 4. Keep usernames and passwords separate:Avoid using the same username and password across all of your accounts. Keep a variety of passwords on hand, and change them frequently. Maintaining similar passwords will increase the risk to your company, and if any malicious activity takes place, you could lose everything at once. 5. Prepare manuals for cybersecurity measures:While there will be policies for safeguarding equipment and systems, strict regulations are also necessary to stay on guard against attacks. 6. Establish Online Safety Rules:Every organization requires a security policy that details its rules for safeguarding the organization, using the Internet, and preventing employee exploitation. To do this, businesses need to build up a secure system for processing transactions, safeguarding consumer identity, and dealing with financial losses. Threats also emerge from business partners, previous or present personnel, inadequate internal cybersecurity measures, and other sources in addition to cybercriminals. 7. Implementation of DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting &amp; Conformance):With the help of the DMARC protocol, email domain owners can specify in their DNS records which mechanisms are used to authenticate email messages received from their domain and what the receiving mail server should do with messages that don't pass validation. 8. Keep all of your systems and software up to date:Cyberattacks frequently occur as a result of vulnerabilities in your systems or software from out-of-date software or systems. Therefore, hackers use these flaws to break into your network. It's frequently too late to take precautions once they are inside. A patch management solution, which will oversee all software and system updates and keep your system resilient and current, is a wise investment to combat this. 👉<a href="https://www.devlabsalliance.com/category/pecb-certification-courses" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">PECB Cybersecurity Certification Training</a>

Cyber Security tells how to prevent hostile assaults on internet-connected systems such as computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data. Know cybersecurity best practices here.

*What is Software Testing? Types of Software Testing?
*Challenges in Manual testing
*How does Automation Overcome challenges in Manual testing?
*How do Automation tools work and what Tools for Automation Testing?
*How important is Programming in Automation Testing?
*What is Selenium? What are the components of Selenium?
*What are the Advantages & Disadvantages of Selenium WebDriver?

*Appium Introduction
*What is Appium
*Appium Architecture
*Types of mobile applications

*Appium Setup on Windows
*Installing Appium CLI
*Installing Appium Driver
*Installing Appium Inspector
*Installing Android studio

*First Appium Project
*What is desired capability?
*Setup Maven Project
*First java program to start Appium driver
*Create driver session using Options class
*How to get AppPackage and AppActivity
*Launch Appium driver with appPackage and appActivity

*Native Application Automation
*Appium Inspector walkthrough
*Locator strategies

*Automating gestures
*Click
*Long click
*Drag and drop
*Swipe
*Scroll

*Appium driver commands
*Working with app
*Lock and unlock 
*Toggle Wifi, Toggle data and Airplane mode
*Working with keys
*Generation reports
*Capturing Screenshot

*Manage Ajax components
*Manage Complex Calendars
*How to Scroll Web page
*Handle WebTable with Paginations
*Manage infinite Page Loading like infinite page scrolling on Twitter, Facebook, shopping web apps
*Complex ShadowDOM, SVG Elements
*Complex Frames/iFrames
*Complex Psuedo Elements
*Page Wait for use cases
*Element Wait use cases
*How to Capture Screenshots
*How to work with Cookies
*Headless Browser Testing
*SSL Certificates Error Handling
*Execute Javascript Based code for Selenium Webdriver

*What is BDD(behavior Driven Development)?
*What tools are required to implement BDD?
*Introduction to Cucumber
*How to download Cucumber?
*Install Cucumber Eclipse Plugin
*Configure Eclipse with Cucumber
*What are Feature Files?
*How to create Feature File?
*How to execute Feature Files?
*What is Gherkinization?
*What is Step Definition?
*How to generate Glu code/Step Definitions?
*Data Driven Testing in Cucumber
*What are Cucumber Tags?
*Background in Cucumber
*Data Tables in Cucumber

*Difference between FindElement & FindElements
*Enter & Clear text from the Input field
*Click Action and How to Click action work differently on different elements
*Managing Input fields, Buttons & Links
*Finding all links on the Page
*Select More than one object from a page 
*Selecting Objects from a specific area of a web page 
*Check if the element is Present, Displayed, Enabled, or Selected

*Introduction and Component of Frameworks
*Phases in Designing Framework
*Step by Step Implementation of Hybrid Driven Framework
*Creating Maven Project
*Update pom.xml with dependencies
*Creating page objects and Object repository
*Creating utilities
*Setting up configuration files
*Creating automation test cases
*Creating data-driven test cases
*Creating database test cases
*Generating extent reports
*Generating logs using log4j2
*Execute test scripts using TestNG XML File
*Running tests with different Test Data
*Generating the HTML reports : Extent Report,TestNG Report
*Emailing test reports

*Introduction to Java Frameworks
*Most Popular Java Frameworks
*What is Spring Framework?
*Why use Spring?
*Advantages of Spring Framework
*How does Spring works?
*Dependency Injection
*Aspect Oriented Programming – AOP
*Spring Architecture
*Spring Modules

*Classes and Objects
*Arithmetic Operators & Concatenation operators
*Conditional & Decision Making
*Single Dimensional Array
*Loops (For, While)
*Java Constructors
*Java methods
*Passing parameters to the methods
*Call by value and call by reference
*Function Return Types
*Exception Handling
*Inheritance
*Polymorphism
*Encapsulation
*Data Hiding
*Method Overloading & Constructor Overloading
*Method Overriding
*Abstract class
*Interface
*Java Packages
*Access Modifiers
*Data conversion functions
*Reading Input from the keyboard
*Super/This Keywords
*Final/Finally/Finalize Keywords
*Concept of Garbage Collector and System.gc
*Wrapper Classes
*String Manipulation
*Collections Basics (Array List, HashMap, Set, Hashtable)

*Implicit and Explicit Waits
*Expected Conditions with Waits
*Page Load Timeout & Set Script Timeout property
*Implement wait by Thread Sleep
*Concept of Fluent Wait in Selenium 
*Strategy to poll for an object
*WebDriverWait and its uses 
*Various WaitUntil Conditions 
*Handle Ajax-based components 
*Various Ways to handle Simple, Confirmation & Prompt Alert
*Difference between Window Handle & Handles
*Switching & Closing Windows, Tabs & PopUps
*Concept of window ID 
*Extracting window IDs with a Selenium Object reference

*Introduction to Java
*Difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM
*Downloading and Installing Java
*Downloading and Installing Eclipse
*What is IDE?
*How to install IDE?
*How to write a Basic Java program?
*Understanding console output
*Java Variables and Data Types
*Java Operators
*Conditional statements – if, if else, switch case
*Loops – while, do while, for
*Jumping statement – break and continue
*Arrays
*String Class
*String methods

*What is Action Class?
*What can we do with Action Class?
*Mouse Hover & Mouse Movement with Action
*Finding Coordinates of a Web Object
*Drag and Drop Action
*Click and SendKeys using Actions Class

*What is Automation Framework?
*Why do we need an Automation Framework?
*Types of Automation Frameworks
*What is Data Driven Framework
*What is Hybrid Framework
*What is Page Object Model Design Pattern with Non-Page Factory (By Locators) with OOP concepts

*What is Jenkins?
*How to install Jenkins?
*Create your first job in Jenkins
*Create Pipeline using Jenkins
*How do integrate Smoke, System, and Regression test in CI/CD pipeline?
*Integrating your project with Jenkins

*How to use Eclipse
*How to run, stop, and pause the Program
*Debugging in Eclipse
*Understanding console output
*Understanding break points and Watch Variables
*Learn to find errors from Problem Windows and Console

*Basics of HTML
*Tags
*Elements
*Attributes
*Forms
*Form Elements
*Introduction to CSS & JavaScript
*JSP
*Servlet
*JDBC
*Web Servers
*Basic design Patterns

*The architecture of Selenium WebDriver
*Understand WebDriver Interface
*WebElement Interface
*Launching Browsers e.g. Firefox/Chrome/Safari/Edge

*What is Maven and what Features of Maven?
*Installing/Configuring Maven
*Creating Maven Project
*Understanding POM.xml
*How To Add Dependencies to pom.xml
*How To Add plugins to pom.xml

*Introduction to MySQL
*Installation
*Create Database
*Drop Database
*Select Database
*Create Table
*Insert Query
*Select Query
*Delete Query
*Joins and more queries

*Find table rows and columns
*Extracting values from a cell
*Dynamically Identify Tables Data
*Select class in Selenium
*Drop Down Handle
*Select multiple values from the list
*Select & Unselect operations by Index, Value & Visible Text

*Introduction to API Testing
*Why is API testing important?
*What are Web Services?
*Understanding the REST API architecture
*Understanding the GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE requests

*Element Inspector in Mozilla, Chrome, and Edge
*Element locator tool for Firefox (Firebug)
*Various HTML locator strategies
*Developer Tools in Chrome to find Xpath
*Selection of Effective XPath
*Managing Dynamic objects/ids on the page

*Overview of DevOps
*Relationship between Agile and DevOps
*CI/CD Pipeline
*DevOps Toolchain
*Overview of DevOps tools

*Overview of GIT
*GIT Installation
*Create GIT Account
*GIT Lifecycle
*GIT Integration with Eclipse
*My First Code Check-in to GIT
*GIT PULL Request Process (PR, Merge Request)
*GIT CheckOut
*GIT Branching (Local branching Concept)
*GIT Clone
*GIT Commit
*GIT Push, Fetch & Pull Commands
*GIT Update
*GIT Delete
*GIT Stash


*What are Locators?
*Introduction to HTML basics
*HTML language tags and attributes 
*Identify ID, Name, Xpath, CSS from HTML Code
*Difference between Absolute & Complete Xpath
*Finding your first element
*WebElement Commands

*Introduction to TestNG
*Benefits and Features of TestNG
*Configure TestNG in Project
*How to write TestNG Test case
*Understanding testng.xml
*TestNG Report
*How to Prioritizing tests
*Annotations in TestNG – @Test, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeSuite, @Parameters
*dependsOnMethods
*How to Skip tests
*How to Group tests
*Assertions
*How to Parameterize tests
*Parallel testing
*Data Provider
*Invocation Count
*TestNG Listeners

*How to launch a browser?
*Create your first script using Webdriver
*Navigate to URL
*Verify Page title
*get the Page Source 
*Difference between Close & Quit
*Navigate Back & Forward
*Refresh Page
*Other ways of Navigating to a specific Page

*How To Generate Extent Reports
*Log4j2 for logging
*Page Object Model Pattern – Page Factory

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self

solo

live

*Difference between Find Element & find Elements
*Enter & Clear Text from Input field
*Click Action
*Input fields, buttons & links
*What are Locators?
*Introduction to HTML basics
*Identify ID, Name, Xpath, CSS from HTML Code
*Difference between Absolute & Complete Xpath
*Web Element
*How to use Firebug and Firefox plugin
*Get your Xpath
*Select and UnSelect Checkbox
*Handle Drop Down Scenarios –Select/DeSelect
*Select and DeSelect Radio Button
*Validate Drop Down Values

*Handling Dynamic Web Tables
*Introduction to Selenium Grid
*How to capture Screenshots?
*SSL Certificates Error Handling
*Execute Javascript Based code for Selenium Webdriver
*Launching different browsers using Webdriver
*Download specific exe file for multiple Browser
*Launching IE
*Challenges with IE Browser
*IE driver server and path settings
*Launching Chrome
*Chrome server and path settings

*How to download Cucumber?
*Install Cucumber Eclipse Plugin
*Configure Eclipse with Cucumber
*What are Feature Files?
*How to create Feature File?
*How to execute Feature Files?
*What is Gherkinization?
*What is Step Definition?
*How to generate Glue code/Step Definitions?
*Data Driven Testing in Cucumber
*What are Cucumber Tags?
*Background in Cucumber
*Data Tables in Cucumber

*Introduction to Java
*JDK, JRE and JVM
*Operators in Java
*Data Type and Variable
*Conditional & Decision Making
*Java Comments
*Introduction to Classes
*Constructor
*Methods in Java
*Inheritance
*Method Overloading and *Overriding
*Final Keyword
*Interface
*Java String
*Packages
*Wrapper Classes
*Exception Handling
*List
*Set
*Map
*Introduction to Thread

*What is ATDD(Acceptance Test Driven Development)?
*What tools are required to implement ATDD?
*Introduction to Cucumber

*Installing Eclipse
*Eclipse IDE setup
*Set Up a project from scratch

*What is JUnit?
*How to install JUnit?
*JUnit Annotations – @BeforeClass, @Before, @Test, etc.
*JUnit Assert
*JUnit test suite
*What is TestNG?
*How to install TestNG?
*Benefits and features of TestNG
*Annotations in TestNG – @Test, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeSuite, @Parameters
*Testng.xml
*Implementing JUnit & TestNG in your code

*Implicit and Explicit Waits
*Expected Conditions with Waits
*Page Load Timeout & Set Script Timeout property
*Implement wait by Thread Sleep
*Wait Until Conditions
*Handle Ajax based applications
*Handle Simple, Confirmation & Prompt Alert
*Difference between Window Handle & Handles

*Launch Browser
*Navigate to URL
*Verify Page Title
*Close Browser
*Back and Forward
*Refresh page

*What is Maven?
*Features of Maven
*Why to use Maven
*Installing & Running Maven
*Using Maven in your project

*Introduction to Selenium WebDriver
*How to launch Browsers?
*Architecture of Webdriver
*Methods in WebDriver
*Create your first script using Webdriver

*What is Action Class?
*What can we do with Action Class?
*Mouse Hover & Mouse Movement with Action
*Finding Coordinates of a Web Object
*Drag and Drop Action

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*What is Jenkins?
*How to install Jenkins?
*Create your first job in Jenkins
*Create Pipeline using Jenkins
*How to integrate Smoke, System and Regression test in CI/CD pipeline?
*Integrating your project with Jenkins.

*Basics of HTML
*Tags
*Elements
*Attributes
*Forms
*Form Elements
*Introduction to CSS & JavaScript

*Introduction to API Testing
*Why is API testing important?
*What are Web Services?
*Understanding the REST API architecture
*Understanding the GET, POST, PUT and DELETE requests
*Validating the REST API responses

*What is Automation Framework?
*Why do we need Automation Framework?
*Types of Automation Frameworks
*Linear Scripting Framework
*Modular Testing Framework
*Data Driven Testing Framework
*Keyword Driven Testing Framework
*Hybrid Testing Framework
*Behaviour Driven Development Framework
*How to design Automation Framework
*Architecture of Automation Framework

*Introduction to Design Patterns
*Model View and Controller – MVC
*Singleton Design Pattern

*Overview of GIT
*GIT Installation
*Create GIT Account
*GIT Lifecycle
*GIT Integration with Eclipse
*GIT Create
*GIT Clone
*GIT Commit
*GIT Push
*GIT Update
*GIT Delete
*GIT Stash

*JSP Overview
*Advantages of JSP
*JSP Lifecycle
*Scripting elements
*JSP Implicit Objects
*JSP Page Directive Attributes
*JSP Directives
*JSP Actions

*What is Sprint Boot?
*Why Spring Boot
*Advantages of Spring Boot

*Introduction to Spring JDBC
*JDBC Template
*Data Access/ Integration Modules
*How to make connections

*Introduction to Java Frameworks
*Most Popular Java Frameworks
*What is Spring Framework?
*Why use Spring?
*Advantages of Spring Framework
*How Spring works?
*Dependency Injection
*Aspect Oriented Programming – AOP
*Spring Architecture
*Spring Modules

*Servlet Overview
*Servlets Architecture
*Servlets Life Cycle
*doGet and doPost Methods

*Introduction to Web Servers
*How to deploy application in Server
*Debugging
*Logging

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*Iframes
*Handling multiple windows
*Handling web tables
*Screenshots
*Mouse and keyboard Actions
*Exceptions
*Handling Files
*Java Script Executor

*History
*Features
*Setting up path
*Working with Python
*Basic Syntax
*Variable and Data Types
*Operator

*Csv files in python
*Csv with python selenium
*Reading a csv file with header
*Read the urls from the csv file
*Writing a csv file in python selenium
*Writing to a file with dictwriter in python selenium
*Read & write csv files with custom del

*What is Automation Framework?
*Why d*we need Automation Framework?
*Types of Automation Frameworks
*Linear Scripting Framework
*Modular Testing Framework
*Data Driven Testing Framework
*Keyword Driven Testing Framework
*Hybrid Testing Framework
*Behaviour Driven Development Framework
*How to design Automation Framework
*Architecture of Automation Framework

*Introduction
*Accessing list and sets
*Operations
*Working with lists and sets
*Function and Methods

*Break
*Continue
*Pass
*String Manipulation (Key for Interview)
*Accessing Strings
*Basic Operations
*String slices
*Function and Methods

*Open browser in selenium python
*Close and quit browsers
*Open webpage in selenium python
*Browser size in selenium python
*Webpage properties
*Navigation commands in selenium python

*If
*If- else
*Nested if-else
*Looping
*For
*While
*Nested loops

*Install python
*Install selenium bindings
*Install pydev with eclipse
*Console on pydev
*Install python
*Install selenium bindings
*Install pydev with eclipse
*Console on pydev

*Dropdowns in python selenium | select
*Dropdowns in python selenium | list

*What is python unittest framework
*Things to remember while writing unit tests
*Tests in unittest python
*Setup, Teardown
*Setupclass, Teardownclass
*Setupmodule & teardownmodule
*Skipping tests and expected failures

*Attributes
*Inheritance
*Overloading
*Overriding
*Data hiding
*Exception Handling
*Exception
*Except clause
*Try ? finally clause
*User Defined Exceptions

*Excel spreadsheets with python
*Openpyxl module with python selenium
*Read excel using openpyxl with python selenium
*Get all values of a specific column
*Write excel file using openpyxl in python selenium

*Configuring Allure Report
*Interview Questions

*Importing module
*Math module
*Random module
*Packages
*Composition
*Input-Output
*Printing on screen
*Reading data from keyboard
*Opening and closing file
*Reading and writing files
*Functions

*Introduction
*Accessing Tuples
*Operations
*Working
*Functions and Methods

*Developer tool in chrome
*Developer tool in firefox

*Loading tests to suite and running tests in python selenium
*Create test suite

*What is python Pytest framework
*Tests in Pytest python.
*Setup.
*Teardown.
*Skipping tests and expected failures

*Introduction Accessing values in dictionaries
*Working with dictionaries
*Properties
*Functions
*Defining a function
*Calling a function
*Types of functions
*Function Arguments
*Anonymous functions
*Global and local variables

*Logging with python selenium
*Logging in python
*Configuring logging
*Logging with selenium python
*Logging to console with python
*Print vs. Logging

*What is PyBehave framework
*Tests in Behave python
*What is Feature
*What is Step definition
*How to setup runner class

*Web element operations in selenium python
*TextBox
*ListBox
*Links
*Check Box
*Radi*Button
*HTML Tables
*Calendars

*What is Jenkins?
*How to install Jenkins?
*Create your first job in Jenkins
*Create Pipeline using Jenkins
*How to integrate Smoke, System and Regression test in CI/CD pipeline?
*Integrating your project with Jenkins.
*What is Jenkins?
*How to install Jenkins?
*Create your first job in Jenkins
*Create Pipeline using Jenkins
*How to integrate Smoke, System and Regression test in CI/CD pipeline?
*Integrating your project with Jenkins.

*Assertions in unittest python with selenium

*Web element in python
*The priority of locators in selenium
*Find element by id
*Find element by name.
*Find element by tag name
*Find element by linked Text/Partial Linked text.
*Find element by classname.
*Find element by xpath.
*Find element by css selector.
*Find elements
*Find element and find elements.
*Excellent & reliable selenium python locator

Enrolling into SDET with Python Training Professional Course to become master in using SDET with python. Learn various tools such as Unittest, Pytest, PyBehave, GitHub, Jenkins, cucumber, XPath, etc


Certified SDET Professional – Python Training Course - DevLabs Alliance

*e2e, node_modules, src/app, src/assets, src/environments, index.html, main.ts, polyfills.ts, style.css, angular-cli.json, karma.conf.js, package-lock.json, package.json etc

*What are Collections?
*Collection Classes in Java
*Util Package interfaces
*ArrayList
*LinkedList
*HashSet
*TreeSet
*LinkedHashSet
*HashSet
*Stack
*ArrayDeque
*PriorityQueue
*Iterator

*Session Factory configuration
*Local Session Factory Bean
*Contextual Sessions and Spring Integration

*Creational design patterns
*Structural design patterns
*Behavioral Design Patterns

*Overview – code-centric Configuration
*@Configuration and @Bean
*Dependency Injection
*Resolving Dependencies on Other Beans
*Injecting Configuration Classes

*Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
*Open-Closed Principle (OCP)
*Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
*Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
*Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)

*Value Injection
*Constructor Injection
*Qualifiers / Domain Specific Language (DSL)
*Profiles

*Overview and basics
*Events and Cookies
*Page redirect
*Dialog Box
*Errors and Exceptions
*Form Validation
*Animation
*Debugging

*JSR 330 (@Named) and Spring (@Component) Annotation Styles
*@Named/@Component, @Inject/@Autowired, @Repository, @Service
*Configuring Beans and Autowiring with Annotations

*Modules
*Components
*Templates
*Metadata
*Data binding
*Directives
*Services
*Dependency injection

*18-20 hours of Recorded sessions of Core Java will be provided

*Defining Generic Class
*Bounds on Generics
*Generic Methods
*Do’s and Don’ts in Generics

*Overview of Spring Database Support
*Configuring a DataSource
*Using Spring with Hibernate

*Java Concurrency – Introduction
*Concurrency Evolution
*Thread Safety
*Locks and thread synchronization
*Object vs. Class Level Locking
*UncaughtExceptionHandler
*Java Concurrency Utilities
*Atomic operation

*REST Overview
*Characteristics/Capabilities
*URI Templates
*REST vs SOAP
*REST and Spring MVC
*Spring support for REST
*@RequestMapping/@PathVariable, @RequestBody, @ResponseBody, HTTP *Method Conversion
*Writing RESTful Controllers
*Returning XML and JSON Data
*Client-Side Access to RESTful Services
*Using Spring’s RestTemplate
*Programming Common REST Patterns
*GET: Read
*POST: Create
*PUT: Update
*DELETE: Delete

*Version Control System
*Centralized & Distributed Version Control System
*GIT Features
*GIT Commands
*GIT Remote
*Advantages of GIT

*What is Immutable class?
*How to create Immutable class in Java?
*Examples to create Immutable class

*Managing Beans
*Inversion of Control / IoC, Dependency Injection / DI
*Configuration Metadata Overview, Configuring Beans (XML)

*Managing the EntityManager (EM)
*Creating a JPA Repository/DAO Bean – @PersistenceUnit, @PersistenceContext

*Installing tomcat
*CAC enabling Tomcat
*Configuring a JDBC database
*Configuring a JNDI database
*Embedding into an application
*Tomcat Virtual Hosts

*Abstraction
*Polymorphism
*Inheritance
*Encapsulation
*Composition
*Aggregation and Association

*Overview of the Spring Container
*ApplicationContext Overview
*API and Usage

*Lambda Expression
*Functional Interface
*Default Methods
*Streams
*Date/Time API Changes

*Bean Scope Defined – Singleton, Prototype, and Other Scopes
*Configuring Scope
*Bean Creation Lifecycle
*Lifecycle Callbacks
*BeanPostProcessor
*Event Handling

*What is Exception and its types
*Pre Defined Exceptions
*Try-Catch-Finally block
*Multiple & Nested Try Catch block
*Throws vs throw keywords
*Checked and UnChecked Exceptions
*Java Custom/User Defined Exceptions
*User Defined Exceptions examples

*Challenges for Modern Applications
*Motivation for Spring, Spring Architecture
*The Spring Framework

*Examining Dependencies
*Dependency Inversion
*Configuration and Usage of Dependency Injection (DI) in Spring

Integrating Spring with Java EE Web Apps
 *ContextLoaderListener
 *WebApplicationContext
Spring Web MVC Overview
*Capabilities
*Architecture (Front Controller, MVC Pattern)
Spring MVC Basics
*DispatcherServlet, Configuration (@EnableWebMvc, Servlet 3 initialization), mvc *Namespace
*Controllers, @Controller, @RequestMapping (Handler Methods)
*@RequestParam and Parameter Binding
*View Resolvers
*Controller Details, @RequestMapping, @RequestParam, @PathVariable
*Model Data, @ModelAttribute, Model/ModelAndView Classes

*Overview
*Basic tags
*Elements
*Attributes
*Phrase Tags
*Formatting
*Image, text and email Links
*Frames and iframes
*Blocks
*Colour, font and background
*Forms
*Multimedia
*Layouts

DevLabs Alliance comes up with the SDET to Developer Certification Program Training to transform yourself from SDET to Developer.

SDET to Developer Certification Training - DevLabs Alliance

*Introduction to Jenkins
*How to configure cloud in Jenkins
*How to execute selenium scripts
*Parallel execution setup from Jenkins
*Automated Reporting

*What is cloud
*Type of Cloud
*Need of Cloud
*Parallel Execution in Cloud
*Cross Browser testing
*What is Continuous testing?

*What is security Testing
*Why security is important
*Types of security testing
*Most popular security testing tool
*How to scan the application code
*SAST vs DAST vs IAST

*What is Design Pattern
*Where to apply Design Pattern
*Type of Design Patterns
*Creational Design Pattern
*Structural Design Pattern
*Behavioural Design Pattern
*Advantages of Design patterns

*What is code coverage
*Tools used for Code coverage
*How to calculate code coverage
*Why code coverage is important
*Code Coverage Metrix
*Most Popular tools
*Sonar tool implementation

*Introduction to web services
*Type of Web services
*SOAP
*REST
*How to design Web services
*Web Services Architecture
*How to Test Web Services
*Testing Framework for Web Services
*Automation Framework Design and Implementation

*What is Automation Framework
*Why we need Automation Framework
*Type of Automation Framework
*Linear Scripting Framework
*Modular Testing Framework
*Data Driven Testing Framework
*Keyword Driven Testing Framework
*Hybrid Testing Framework
*Behaviour Driven Development Framework
*How to design Automation Framework
*Architecture of Automation Framework

*Page Object Pattern
*Advanced Page Object Pattern
*Facade Design Pattern
*Singleton Design Pattern
*Fluent Page Object Pattern.
*IoC Container and Page Objects
*Strategy Design Pattern

SDET Architect Certification course and training is designed by industry practitioners to enable you to fit you in this most demanding market.

Certified SDET Architect Training and Course - DevLabs Alliance

Scripting is the future. Excel at every aspect of Python scripting with DevLabs’s Software Development Engineer in Test (SDET) course. Our course empowers you to gain unbeatable skills in Python programming language and CI/CD pipelines. Elevate your career to reach the heights you once imagined.

*Automating Tetris Deployments with Argo CD, Terraform, and Jenkins

*Introduction to Cloud Computing
*Introduction to cloud computing world
*History
*Cloud business models
*Public, Private and Hybrid cloud models
*Advantages of cloud computing
*AWS Regions and Availability zones. Tools to access services.
*AWS Cloud Setup – Free Tier
*Overview of the console
*Aws Ec2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
*Aws S3 (Simple Storage Service)
*Security Groups
*AWS Auto Scaling
*AWS Load Balancer
*Virtual Private Control
*IAM
*AWS EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service)
*ECR (Elastic Container Registry)

*Docker Hub (public repo)
*Docker Trusted Registry (Private repo)
*Docker Engine
*Docker Container
*Docker Image

In training for the Certified DevOps Professional Course, you learn principles of Continuous Integration, Deployment, Monitoring, and Delivery using tools like Puppet, Nagios, Chef, Ansible, Docker, Git, Jenkins, and many more.

Certified DevOps Professional Training Course - DevLabs Alliance

Learn the skills to bridge the gap between software development and deployment. Our DevOps course helps you master the skills of a DevOps engineer in no time. From knowing about various cloud services to delivering high-quality products, learn how everything works in the professional world. Be a master at DevOps and see your career take a leap ahead of others.

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